Urine consists of urea and water. Urea is somewhat like ammonia since it is toxic to cells. This aspect of urea makes urine sterile. Freshwater fish must urinate alot because the water level in their cells is lower then the surrounding environment. Saltwater fish urinate very little because the water level in their cells is higher then the surrounding environment. Organisms waste energy in the form of heat energy. Saltwater fish urinate by allowing water to brush off the urea located on their gills. The loop of Henle in the kidney reabsorbs water and ions from urine.
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