Done

Class is Finished! I acheived a 96 on the EOC thanks to Mr.Pope and acheived a final average of 98. Once again thanks to Mr.Pope and this blog will remain open as a reference.

Earth Worm Dissection

Here is the anatomy of an earthworm, click to enlarge.

On a less serious note Reproduction!

Which leads to cocoons!  

 

Now about dissecting the worm....Watch the video!

Life on Earth Video Warning! 10 Minutes

Life on Earth Con.

• Small changes is evolution
• all systems evole together 
• heart is pump in open and closed
• all cells have to be surrounded by water
• animals started running faster and needed more oxygen
• Amphibian-cold blooded, not very big or active, heart works well-3 chambers
• Four chambers-Birds and mammals
• Veins can grow-cells do not fit together
• Lymphatic system-lymph baths every cell-lymph tissue=blood plasma
• We developed from protists
• Small animals could breather through skin
• Gills evolved early on, not only fish have
• Tracheal tubes have spiracles in insect
• Gases exchanged rapidly, lungs inflate gills
• Air pushs over gills which are extensions of blood vessels
• Lungs have branches with air sacs called the Alvelus
• Branched allows for more surface area to be covered
• Excretory Systems
• Chyme is thrown up food, which the somach adds water to
• Digestion chemically rots food
• Villi increase the surface area, they are filled with blood vessels
• Large intestine absorbs water
• Diffusion=microorganism
• Flame cells fill u and contract moving waste to a excretory tubule
• Malpighian tubes-Kidneys, extract waste
• Nephridia serve the same functions because they are kidneys

Life on Earth

Here are some class notes from this week,

• We have muscle tissue and nervous tissue 
• We take in resources (food) then process, then synthesize and eliminate it
• Early lifeforms digest on inside
• Takes food in gizzard, transports, and then eliminates
• All life has that in common, anatomy and physiology
• one celled protists~not animal; fungus or plant
• It can achieve all of this because it lives in H2O
• Sponge has cells that are all in contact with H2O
• They cannot eat because they do not have mouths.
• Cridenians->hydras, corals,->hunt,process...ect
• Extracellular digestion->out of cell in stomach
• Tube within a tube, lines levels of complexity
• Compartalization~digest different things
• From aquatic~to terrestial we needed support.
• Chordata-all animals with abackbone
• You need breathing apparatus
• Need to be able to sense, sense organs->brain, eyes, ect..
• We still have our reptile brain
• Open pumps blood through vessels, many hearts, short life span, and just randomly moves around
• Closed circulatory systems have veins which are better, faster and warmer. Veins move the blood faster.
• Body Symmetry-Amorphic->Sponges, Radial Symmetry->Starfish, Bilateral->cuts at one spot.
• Circulatory-->
• 2 chambered heart-Arteries away from heart-fish
• When they blend~amphibian=O2 rich and O2 poor blood mix
• You're breathing just like a one celled creature, it never changes its just made things more complex.
• Eat=mouth, or can be observed (sponge)
• Process=sack (hydra) stomach or vacoules
• Synthesize= Endoplasmic R., large intestine, or just a digestive system
• Eliminate=back through mouth (hydra), an anus, or a vacoule like object called the anal pore 

Cladogram and Dichotomous Key

Cladists group organisms based on shared derived characters, not the overall similarity of potential group members.



Dichotomous keys are the most common keys encountered. They may be laid out in various ways, but usually form a series of numbered questions arranged in “couplets” as shown below:

1. Bark on trunk smooth .......................... 2
Bark on trunk rough ............................ 3

2. Bark mostly white ............................... 4
Bark other colours .............................. 7
Each time a question is answered, the user is directed to the number of a new question-couplet. This continues until, instead of a number, the name of the species (or other taxon) is given. This type of key is called a “dichotomous” key because the meaning of the word is "two branching", although in practice dichotomous keys often have questions with more than two choices. The structure of the key is such that each question is actually like a tree branch that has smaller branches proceeding from it, as demonstrated below for keying out four "egg-laying animals".

Short Video on Evidence for Evolution